Mixture control



Jan.- 16, 1945. s, M, UDALE MIXTURE common Filed Feb. 19, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENT OR.

kssk EMQQQ M1325 Jan. 16, 1945. 5, UDALE 2,367,542

MIXTURE CQNTROL Filed Feb. 19, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VENT OR.

Patented Jan. 16, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MIXTURE CONTROL Application February 19, 1943, Serial No. 476,433

1 Claim.

The object of this invention is to control the mixture ratio of an internal combustion engine in proportion to the density of the air supply to the engine and to vary the mixture ratio with the speed oi the engine and also with the altitude. The three factors which determine the amount of fuel required by an engine are:

(a) R. P. M.

(b) Altitude (c) The density of the air supplied by the supercharger In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows the preferred form of my construction in which the fuel is supplied by a fuel pump to the air entrance of the carburetor commonly-known as an injection carburetor.

Fig. 2 shows the fuel being supplied through a plurality of pipes to each cylinder commonly known as fuel injection.

Fig. 3 is a partial plan view of Fig. 2.

In Fig. i, It is the air entrance; I! is the throttle controlling the admission of air to a supercharger II. The passage |3 communicates with the chamber It in which is located the evacuated bellows I5 which is supported internally by a spring II. The valve Ill is supported by the evacuated bellows I5 and engages with a compression spring |9, which is pivotally supported on the left by a lever ll. The lever IT has a movable point of support 34 and engages through a pin It with the control rod it, which controls the control lever 32 of a variable discharge fuel pump 8| driven by the engine. The

' pump 8| is driven from the engine by a pulley 94. When the lever 82 moves anticlockwise, the

fuel discharge increases so that every position of the rod I6 corresponds to a definite number of cc.s of fuel discharged per revolution of the engine. Hence, the movement of the rod l6 controls the mixture ratio. The rod i6 is connected to the servo-motor piston 2|, the movement of which is controlled by the valve 20. The operating force is provided by means of oil under pressure admitted through the passage 42 and escaping through the passage 43.

In order to subject the capsule It to the temperature of the supercharged air circulation of air in the chamber H is maintained by means of a return passage Bl) which is provided but this passage is restricted so that the pressure in the chamber ll corresponds to the supercharger pressure.

An engine driven pump 83 circulates oil from a tank 84 through a venturi 85. The flow through this venturi 85 therefore varies with by a rod and valve 3|.

the R. P. M. of the engine. The throat of the venturi communicates with the chamber 88 which is located below a diaphragm 24. The chamber 81 communicates with the outlet from the venturi. Hence, the diaphragm 25 is subjected to the drop in pressure in the throat 85 and thus responds to the velocity of flow through the venturi 85 that is to the R. P. M. of the engine. The diaphragm 24 is connected with the rod 41 which carries a roller 26 which engages with the curved side of the lever 29 which carries another roller 25 which in its turn engages with the spring 21 mounted on a support 28. The lever 29 carries a cam surface 88 which engages with the roller 89 which is supported The roller 89 is held against the cam surface 88 by the compression spring 90. Hence, as the velocity of the engine varies, the valve 3| is moved to the left and right, depending on the changes in the R. P. M. of the engine, because whenever the valve 3| moves away from the neutral position in which it is shown, hydraulic pressure operates on the piston 9| to restore the piston to the position relative to the valve 3| shown in which the pressures on both sides of the piston 9| 'are equal. Hence, the piston automatically follows the valve 3|, this being one of the better known servomotor mechanisms in general use during the last half century. The piston 8| is compelled to follow the movement of valve 3|. Oil is admitted under pressure through the pipe ill through a restricted opening III to the left hand side of the piston 9|. 011 may also be admitted to the right hand side of the piston 9| through the restriction 5| from the pipe 5|. The opening 49 in the center of the piston communicates at all times with the outlet 52. Hence when the valve 3| moves to the left, oil flows to the left along the passage 58 past the valve 3| through the opening 49 out through the outlet pipe 52.

The pressure on the left of the piston 9| then falls. The pressure on the right hand side of the piston 9| remains at its maximum figure as it is in communication with the oil under pressure. Hence, the piston 9| follows the valve 3| whenever the valve 3| moves away from the position shown in the drawings. This is a very well known servomotor mechanism and enables the relative feeble forces induced by the flow of liquid through the venturi 85 to be translated into powerful forces which cause the piston 9| to move right and left overcoming friction and carrying with it the link 32 and the lever 33 which carries the supporting pivot 34. Hence.

50 so that the roller 89 engages with the cam surfac 88 of the lever 29 which lever, as before, engages through a roller 25 with a spring 21 mounted on a support 28.

vented from burnin p y being ven 50 to s In Fig. 3 the cam surface is slid on the shaft 100% excess fuel above the fuel needed for 95 compressing the spring 95 The movement f crui in l n. This excess fuel keeps the this cam 88 is under the influence of the aneroid cine coo It is also well known that the bellows 91 which engages with the lever 93 which sired mixture ratio of an engine varies with the is pivoted t, 99 A arm mu connected to th altitude. The higher the altitude the richer is arm 93 engage t a cam 33 so t high the mixture that the n in r quir w n altitude when the aneroid bellows 91 expands. Cruising lean- Further the Same airflow in the cam surface 88 moves and carries with it the p u w cruising lean at Sea level w roller 25 so that the position of the roller 39 is fly the plane with the throttle wide open at dependent on the altitude. As before, there is titude. Und r the latter circumstances, power a venturi 85 the flow through which varies with rather than economy rules. The aneriocl bellows the speed of the engine, and as before, there is 92 carries the needle valve 93 which varies the a diaphragm 24 which engages with a rod 4'! throat of the venturi 85 so that at high altitude which in its turn engages with th roller 26. the effect of the R. P. M. of the engine to enrich The lateral movement of the cam surface 88 perthe mixture occurs with the lower R. P. M. forms the function of the needle valve 93, Fig. 1

y suitably t peri g the need e 93 desired and the calm surface 88 can be contoured to give characteristic of the engine may be obtained at a much closer approximation to the desired paty altitude- Hence. if D e mixture tern of fuel air mixture ratios than can the taratios is determined for every altitude at varying pered needle. The tapered needl 93 is much R. P. M. then this pattern n e duplicated or 25 simpler but less accurate than the cam surface at any rate approximated in the air. An air- 93 whichis more m h; to make. plane engine requires an empirical solution. A The pump 8| which is shown as driven by the theoretical solution of a definite fuel air ratio for engine driven ulley Hi3 and connecting belt I02 every flow will t i e the engine what the is thus driven at a speed proportional to engine engine needs. When cruising lean at low altispeed. The amount of fuel which the pump Bl tudes the most eco omical mixt r s are r is designed to deliver is controlled by the lever 82. quired; much richer mixtures are required at exwh t, I l i i treme altitudes when the last Ounce Power is A fuel control unit for an internal combustion demanded from the engine. engine having a supercharger and an engine n i 2 and Fi as e e In is the r driven pump adapted to supply a definite quantra ce cont y a t ot e N I? s th tity of fuel for each revolution of the engine, consupe Which S pplies air under pressure trol means for said pump comprisin servo-motor to the engine. The servo-motor details shown means responsive to the pressure of the air supin Fig. 1 are not repeated, being shown in outplied by said supercharger adapted to vary the line. As before, I9 is the spring which controls fuel supply for every change in pressure and t e Valve The Sp s before engages with ditional servo-motor means responsive to the the upper end of the lever H which pivots on R. P. M. of the engine and to the altitude for the upper end of the lever 33 being pivoted at 34. varying the quantity of fuel delivered by said As before the link 32 connects the lever 33 with pump for every change in speed and in altitude. the piston 9|. As before, the roller 89 connected 5 STANLEY M. UDALE. to the valve 3| is pushed to the left by the spring DISCLAIMER 2,367,542.Stanley J1. dale, Detroit, ltlich.

Jan. 16, 1945.

MIXTURE CONTROL. Patent dated Disclaimer filed Mar. 5, 1946, by the inventor and the ass'lgnees, Georye ill. Holley and Earl Holley.

50 so that the roller 89 engages with the cam surfac 88 of the lever 29 which lever, as before, engages through a roller 25 with a spring 21 mounted on a support 28.

vented from burnin p y being ven 50 to s In Fig. 3 the cam surface is slid on the shaft 100% excess fuel above the fuel needed for 95 compressing the spring 95 The movement f crui in l n. This excess fuel keeps the this cam 88 is under the influence of the aneroid cine coo It is also well known that the bellows 91 which engages with the lever 93 which sired mixture ratio of an engine varies with the is pivoted t, 99 A arm mu connected to th altitude. The higher the altitude the richer is arm 93 engage t a cam 33 so t high the mixture that the n in r quir w n altitude when the aneroid bellows 91 expands. Cruising lean- Further the Same airflow in the cam surface 88 moves and carries with it the p u w cruising lean at Sea level w roller 25 so that the position of the roller 39 is fly the plane with the throttle wide open at dependent on the altitude. As before, there is titude. Und r the latter circumstances, power a venturi 85 the flow through which varies with rather than economy rules. The aneriocl bellows the speed of the engine, and as before, there is 92 carries the needle valve 93 which varies the a diaphragm 24 which engages with a rod 4'! throat of the venturi 85 so that at high altitude which in its turn engages with th roller 26. the effect of the R. P. M. of the engine to enrich The lateral movement of the cam surface 88 perthe mixture occurs with the lower R. P. M. forms the function of the needle valve 93, Fig. 1

y suitably t peri g the need e 93 desired and the calm surface 88 can be contoured to give characteristic of the engine may be obtained at a much closer approximation to the desired paty altitude- Hence. if D e mixture tern of fuel air mixture ratios than can the taratios is determined for every altitude at varying pered needle. The tapered needl 93 is much R. P. M. then this pattern n e duplicated or 25 simpler but less accurate than the cam surface at any rate approximated in the air. An air- 93 whichis more m h; to make. plane engine requires an empirical solution. A The pump 8| which is shown as driven by the theoretical solution of a definite fuel air ratio for engine driven ulley Hi3 and connecting belt I02 every flow will t i e the engine what the is thus driven at a speed proportional to engine engine needs. When cruising lean at low altispeed. The amount of fuel which the pump Bl tudes the most eco omical mixt r s are r is designed to deliver is controlled by the lever 82. quired; much richer mixtures are required at exwh t, I l i i treme altitudes when the last Ounce Power is A fuel control unit for an internal combustion demanded from the engine. engine having a supercharger and an engine n i 2 and Fi as e e In is the r driven pump adapted to supply a definite quantra ce cont y a t ot e N I? s th tity of fuel for each revolution of the engine, consupe Which S pplies air under pressure trol means for said pump comprisin servo-motor to the engine. The servo-motor details shown means responsive to the pressure of the air supin Fig. 1 are not repeated, being shown in outplied by said supercharger adapted to vary the line. As before, I9 is the spring which controls fuel supply for every change in pressure and t e Valve The Sp s before engages with ditional servo-motor means responsive to the the upper end of the lever H which pivots on R. P. M. of the engine and to the altitude for the upper end of the lever 33 being pivoted at 34. varying the quantity of fuel delivered by said As before the link 32 connects the lever 33 with pump for every change in speed and in altitude. the piston 9|. As before, the roller 89 connected 5 STANLEY M. UDALE. to the valve 3| is pushed to the left by the spring DISCLAIMER 2,367,542.Stanley J1. dale, Detroit, ltlich.

Jan. 16, 1945.

MIXTURE CONTROL. Patent dated Disclaimer filed Mar. 5, 1946, by the inventor and the ass'lgnees, Georye ill. Holley and Earl Holley. 

